""To significantly increase the BCI performance, we use shared autonomy, where artificial intelligence (AI) copilots collaborate with BCI users to achieve task goals," wrote UCLA associate professor Jonathan Kao, the study's lead author, along with UCLA co-authors Chang Xie, Mike Qu, Charles Kobashigawa, Brent Gaisford, Brandon McMahan, Xu Yan, Abhishek Mishra, Sangjoon Lee, and Johannes Lee. Brain-computer interfaces, also known as brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), enable users to control external devices using their thoughts."
"The global brain-computer interface addressable market size was over USD 160 billion in 2024, and the noninvasive BCI growth rate for 2025-2023 is an estimated 9.35 percent compound annual growth rate (CAGR), compared to 1.49 percent CAGR for invasive BCIs, according to Grand View Research. Examples of BCI providers include ANT Neuro, Blackrock Neurotech, Elon Musk's Neuralink Corp., Synchron, Medtronic, EMOTIV, NeuroSky, OpenBCI, and other companies."
A peer-reviewed neuroscience study demonstrates a performance breakthrough in noninvasive brain-computer interfaces by harnessing machine learning and shared-autonomy AI copilots to enable users to move a cursor or robotic arm using thoughts. Shared autonomy pairs AI copilots with users to collaboratively achieve task goals, improving control accuracy and task success. Noninvasive BCIs avoid neurosurgery and may expand into medical, consumer, wearable, and gaming markets. Invasive BCIs require implanted hardware and address conditions such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, stroke, spinal cord injury, ALS, and amputations. Market estimates show a large addressable market and faster growth for noninvasive BCIs.
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