"The name Elam was given to the region by others - the Akkadians and Sumerians of Mesopotamia - and is thought to be their version of what the Elamites called themselves - Haltami (or Haltamti) - meaning "those of the high country." 'Elam', therefore, is usually translated to mean "highlands" or "high country," as it was comprised of settlements on the Iranian Plateau which stretched from the southern plains to the elevations of the Zagros Mountains."
"These periods trace the development of the Elamite civilization from its earliest known existence through its progress and down to its decline and assimilation but too often omit the significant contributions it made to the culture of the Near East and the rest of the world. Elam was a central participant in the history of the Near East between circa 3200 and circa 539 BCE."
The name Elam derives from Mesopotamian languages and reflects the Elamite term Haltami, meaning "those of the high country." The civilization occupied settlements across the Iranian Plateau and the Zagros Mountains. Elamite history is divided into Proto-Elamite, Old, Middle, and Neo-Elamite periods spanning c.3200–539 BCE. Elam engaged in wars, alliances, imperial expansion, and eventual absorption by the Achaemenid Empire, while contributing significantly to Near Eastern culture. The Proto-Elamite script was deciphered in 2020. Early Elamite artisans showed advanced skills, and social practices recognized women's equality and religious plurality despite conflicts.
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