"While current evidence is low and varies in quality, it "does not support theories of inherent athletic advantages for transgender women over cisgender," the authors wrote. "Empirical evidence challenges initial concerns that transgender women would dominate women's sports, largely due to the physiological effects of testosterone suppression therapy," they noted. "In fact, transgender women remain under-represented in elite athletics, highlighting the lack of dominance by transgender athletes in practice.""
"Trans women had higher absolute lean body mass than cis women, the authors found, but there were "no significant differences in physical fitness metrics," such as upper-body strength, lower-body strength, and maximum oxygen consumption after the trans women underwent one to three years of gender-affirming hormone therapy. Because of differences in the studies, the researchers could not establish "direct correlations between muscle mass and functional strength.""
Fifty-two studies including 6,485 participants (2,943 trans women, 2,309 trans men, 568 cis women, 665 cis men) aged 14–41 were reviewed. Evidence quality varied and was generally low. Findings indicate no support for inherent athletic advantages for transgender women over cisgender competitors. Transgender women showed higher absolute lean body mass than cis women, but no significant differences appeared in physical fitness metrics (upper-body strength, lower-body strength, VO2 max) after one to three years of gender-affirming hormone therapy. Study differences prevented direct correlations between muscle mass and functional strength, and transgender women remain under-represented in elite athletics.
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