"Async stack traces mean, as long as you're using async functions and await all the way through, Node.js will display the async function names in the stack trace instead of processTicksAndRejections. For example, the following code will print a stack trace that includes the function names f1() and f2() in modern versions of Node.js. In Mongoose 9, all internals now use async functions all the way down."
"All middleware must now be promise-based or async functions. Callback-based middleware is gone. Legacy isAsync middleware (function(next, done)) is gones. Error handling prioritizes thrown errors, not next() calls - because there are no more next() calls.s All of this lets Node's async stack trace machinery finally work without interference. The result? If your app throws inside middleware like: Your stack trace now actually shows the function that threw: Error: Boom at model.myPreSave (/src/models/user.js:42:11) For debugging production issues, this alone is worth the upgrade."
Mongoose 9 converts all internals and middleware to async functions so Node.js can preserve async function names in stack traces instead of generic frames. The MongoDB Node driver also uses async functions, preventing loss of the original call site on async errors. All middleware must be promise-based or async; callback-based and legacy isAsync middleware are removed. Error handling now prioritizes thrown errors rather than next() calls. These changes produce clearer stack traces that point to the actual user code line that threw, making debugging production validation and middleware errors significantly easier.
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