International partnerships are racing forward to end China's chokehold on critical minerals because the U.S. knows it can't go at it alone | Fortune

"I realized we only have a handful of large critical minerals projects that were going into production between now and 2030,"

"I understood that we're going to have to supplement the United States critical minerals supply chain with materials coming in from our allied and friendly countries."

China built dominant global control over critical-minerals supply chains, especially rare earths, by supplying cheap materials and refining capacity. The United States is accelerating domestic mining and processing capacity while forging international partnerships and bilateral deals to diversify supply and undercut China’s refining dominance. Administrations are investing billions with allies such as Australia and signing agreements across Asia, Latin America, Africa, and Eurasia to secure sources. Industry leaders are pursuing projects in Central Asia to develop tungsten and rare-earth processing and to channel allied and friendly-country materials into U.S. critical-minerals supply chains.

Read at Fortune