On Sept. 19, Senior U.S. District Court Judge William E. Smith sided with the plaintiffs' first two claims, denouncing "a viewpoint-based standard of review to Plaintiffs that disfavors applications deemed 'to promote gender ideology'" - a catch-all dogwhistle describing depictions of gender and sexuality outside rigid heterosexual marriage. The court "vacates and sets aside Defendants' current plan to implement the Executive Order."