The ICJ has ruled that a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment is a human right. States are responsible for protecting this right and must address human-caused greenhouse gas emissions, which have global repercussions. The court emphasized the need for international cooperation in climate action, urging countries to pursue ambitious targets. This opinion arose from a request by Vanuatu, supported by testimonies from numerous nations and organizations regarding the adverse effects of climate change, particularly on vulnerable regions like Pacific islands.
"Greenhouse gas emissions are unequivocally caused by human activities and have cross-border effects, underscoring the urgent and existential threat posed by climate change."
"The ruling indicates that a clean, healthy and sustainable environment is a human right, and failing to protect it may violate international law."
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