#autonomic-nervous-system

#autonomic-nervous-system

He has, as one advertising lackey puts it, gotten rich selling people air that's fresher' than the stinky stuff outside. If a recent proliferation of real-life courses, books and online search interest is anything to go by, the act of getting that air into one's lungs is also now commodified. Online and in-person breathwork sessions now abound, some charging hundreds of dollars to teach participants a skill most have already acquired as a prerequisite for life: how to breathe.

Early trauma can have a multitude of detrimental effects and consequences-one of which is dysregulated arousal. Traumatic experiences can disrupt the normal functioning of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cause arousal extremes through overactivation of the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system (SNS and PNS, respectively). Indeed, individuals with trauma histories can experience hyperarousal (fight or flight mode; SNS activation) or hypoarousal (freeze or numbing; PNS activation) in response to perceived threats (Corrigan et al., 2011; Ogden et al., 2006).