For the first time this century, the report finds, the number of children dying before their fifth birthday is projected to rise. Modeling conducted by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) reveals alarming statistics: In 2024, 4.6 million children died before turning five. In 2025, that number is projected to increase by just over 200,000, reaching an estimated 4.8 million children globally.
Broad economic sanctions, primarily from the U.S., are estimated to kill approximately 564,000 people annually, predominantly children, reflecting a shift in how conflicts are waged.