"All of global data exchange flows through these cables," said Johannes Peters, the head of the Center for Maritime Strategy and Security at the Christian Albrechts University in Kiel. "The internet, payment orders, any kind of information you can think of, any kind of spoken communication, it runs almost exclusively through these cables," Peters told DW. "On a global level, we are dependent on them."
Today's internet infrastructure runs on fiber-optic cables, data centres, and cloud services operated by giants like Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and Meta. These systems deliver fast connectivity and seamless experiences, but they also centralize control in just a few hands.