The brain exerts extra effort interpreting unclear sensory information; predictability reduces sensory strain, and autism and ADHD often involve prolonged higher effort.
Migraine is a debilitating neurological disease that can cause intense pain, sensory overload, and functional collapse, incapacitating people for days.
I Was a Girl with ADHD. My Teachers Never Saw Me | The Walrus
A neurodivergent second-grader experienced sensory overload, humiliating religious discipline, and public shame after a classroom accident under a punitive teacher's watch.